Dengue fever is a viral illness caused by the dengue virus, primarily transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti. It is a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
The earliest descriptions of an outbreak date from 1779. Its viral cause and spread were understood by early 20th century. Dengue has become a global problem since the Second World War and is common in more than 120 countries, mainly in Southeast Asia, South Asia and South America.
Bangladesh is grappling with a record deadly outbreak of dengue fever. At least 400 people have died so far in 2023 and above more than one lakh infected making this the deadliest year since the first recorded epidemic in 2000.
Dengue fever typically presents with flu-like symptoms, including high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding. There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue, so management involves relieving symptoms, maintaining hydration, and providing supportive care. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
Preventing dengue involves controlling mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop dengue vaccines to provide immunity against the virus.
One such vaccine, Dengvaxia, has been approved in some countries, but its use is subject to specific guidelines and considerations due to concerns about its potential to worsen disease outcomes in individuals not previously exposed to dengue.
Preventive measures, public awareness, and research into effective treatments and vaccines are crucial components of the ongoing battle against dengue and its potentially severe consequences.
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