Preparation Staff asked 4 weeks ago Fundamental quantities, also known as base quantities, are the basic physical quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other quantities. They form the foundation of measurement in science and are used to define all other physical quantities, which are called derived quantities.
The seven fundamental quantities in the International System of Units (SI) are:
- Length (meter, m): This measures the spatial extent of an object or the distance between two points in space. It is one of the most basic quantities in physics.
- Mass (kilogram, kg): Mass represents the amount of matter in an object and is a fundamental property of all matter.
- Time (second, s): Time is the duration during which an event occurs or how long something lasts. It is essential for understanding the sequence and timing of events.
- Electric current (ampere, A): This is a measure of the flow of electric charge, and it is fundamental to understanding electrical circuits and electromagnetism.
- Temperature (kelvin, K): Temperature measures the thermal state of a system. It determines the direction of heat flow and the energy of particles in a substance.
- Amount of substance (mole, mol): The mole measures the quantity of entities (such as atoms or molecules) in a substance.
- Luminous intensity (candela, cd): This quantity measures the intensity of light emitted by a source in a specific direction.
These fundamental quantities are independent and not derived from other physical quantities. They serve as the basis for expressing all other physical quantities. Derived quantities, such as velocity, force, and energy, are combinations of these fundamental quantities.
The importance of fundamental quantities lies in their role as the building blocks for all measurements in science and engineering. By using these basic quantities, scientists can define more complex quantities and create standardized systems for measurement across different fields.
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